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A 



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T fHE PRESIDENTS 

FROM ijj6 TO iqoo 




AND A 



HISTORY or THE 
WHITE HOUS£ 



'•esenied Jay ihe 

NiLw^RK Life Insurance Comrajvy^ 



Wtc Presideqt 



55878 



JL ibPkii y of Conyirrts 



1??6 to 1966 



I ''vku Copies Receive© 
OCT 3 1900 

Copyright totry 

SECOND COPY. 

D*-'»vHr«d to 

OHOiH DIVISION, 

[ n OT 19 1900 



p|istorLJ of tqe ujh'te Hou 



se 



Copyright, 1900, by the New-York Life INSURANCE COMPANY. 



BORN, 1732. DIED, 1799. 

PRESIDENT, 1789 — 1797. 



(aGor^G (/9asl7in^ton 



XiyAS born in Westmoreland Co., Va., Feb. 22, 1732, and 
died at Mt. Vernon Dec. 14, 1799- He left school at 
the age of 16, and spent three years— from 1748 to 1751— in 
surveying. In 1751 he was appointed Adjutant of Virginia 
Troops. In 1754 he was made Lieut. -Colonel, and commanded 
a regiment in the French War. He was Braddock's aid-de-camp 
at the latter's defeat in 1755. He was a Delegate to the Vir- 
ginia House of Burgesses, and to the Continental Congress 
1774-75. In 1775 he was made Commander-in-Chief of 
the American Army. When independence was achieved, he 
retired to his estate at Mt. Vernon. He was President of the 
Constitutional Convention in 1787, and President of the 
United States 1789-1797. During Washington's term as 
President the Constitution was ratified by North Carolina 
(1789) and Rhode Island (1790), and the additional States of 
Vermont (1791), Kentucky (1792) and Tennessee (1796) were 
admitted to the Union, making sixteen States in all. At this 
time there were no regular life insurance companies doing 
business in the United States. 



BORN, 1735. DIED, 1826. 



PRESIDENT, 1797—1801. 



Qolin eAdams 



AA/'AS horn at Braintree, Mass., Oct. 30, 1735, and died July 
4, 1826. He was educated at Harvard, studied law, 
and in 1770 was one of the selectmen in the Boston Conven- 
tion to protest against British imposts on tea, glass, etc. hi 
1773 he was a member of the Council of State. In 1774 he 
was one of the delegates to the first Continental Congress, 
which met at Philadelphia, and advocated the Declaration of 
Independence, and was pronounced by Jefferson the ablest 
champion of independence in the Congress. In 1777 he was 
appointed Commissioner to France. In 1782 he negotiated a 
treaty with the Netherlands, and in 1782-'83, with others, ne- 
gotiated the Treaty of Peace with England. In 1785 he went 
as the first Minister from the United States to that nation. 
From 1789 to 1797 he was Vice-President under Washington, 
and was elected President in 1797. At this time there were 
no regular life insurance companies doing business in the 
United States. 




'l^dm^rid 



BORN, 1743. DIED, 1826. 



PRESIDENT, 1801 —1809. 



^l7omc\s Jefferson 



\V/^AS born at Shadwell, Va., April 2, 1743, and died July 4, 
1826. He studied at William and Mary College, and 
was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1769-75, 
and of the Continental Congress, 1776-78, and drafted the 
Declaration of Independence. He was a warm advocate of the 
abolition of slavery. He was Governor of Virginia 1 779-'8 1 ; 
member of Congress 1783-'84; Minister to France 1784-'89; 
Secretary of State 1789-'93; Vice-President 1797-1801. hi 
1800 there was a tie vote for President between Jefferson and 
Aaron Burr. Jefferson was elected by the House of Represent- 
atives, and was re-elected by the people in 1804. Louisiana, 
incluJing the vast territory to the northward, from which eleven 
States and one Territory have since been organized, was acquired 
by purchase from France during Jefferson's presidency, for 
$15,000,000. By a strange coincidence, he died July 4, 1826, 
on the same day and year as Adams. During Jefferson's first 
term (1803) Ohio was admitted to the Union, making seventeen 
States in all. At this time there were no regular life insurance 
companies doing business in the United States. 



BORN, 1751. DIED, 1836. 



PRESIDENT, 1809 — 1817. 



^ames Madison 



Air AS born in King George County, Va., March 16, 1751, 
and died June 28, I836. He graduated at Princeton 
College, N. J., in 1771, and afterwards studied law and practiced 
at the bar, but gave up the profession for politics when the 
struggle for independence began. He was a member of the 
Virginia Convention in 1776, and a member of the Federal 
Congress 1780-'83. He was a member of the Convention 
of 1787, which met at Philadelphia to form the Constitution; 
member of Congress 1789-'97; Secretary of State l801-'09; 
and was elected President in 1808. He endeavored in vain 
to avert the war with England, which was declared in 1812, 
and which continued for two years. He was re-elected Pres- 
ident in 1812. During Madison's presidency Louisiana (1812) 
and Indiana (1816) were admitted to the Union, making nine- 
teen States in all. At this time there was only one life insur- 
ance company organized to do business in the United States. 




/ 



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BORN, 1758. DIED, 1831. 

PRESIDENT, 1817—1825. 



^aiTiGS Monroe 



\17AS born in Westmoreland Co., Va., April 28, 1758, and 
died July 4, I83I. He entered the Revolutionary Army 
as a volunteer at the age of eighteen, was present at several 
battles, and was wounded at the battle of Trenton. He was 
educated at William and Mary College, and later studied law. 
In 1782 he was elected to the Assembly of Virginia, and in 
1783 to Congress. In 1788 he was a member of the Virginia 
Convention, where he opposed the ratification of the Consti- 
tution, fearing the encroachments of the Federal Government. 
He was a Senator in Congress 1 790-'94 ; was Minister to 
France 1794-'96; Governor of Virginia 1799-1802. In 1803 
he was again sent to France to aid in the purchase of Louisiana. 
He was Secretary of State 1811-14, and of War 1814-'15. 
In 1816 he was elected President, and was re-elected in 1820. 
In his annual message to Congress in December, I823, he an- 
nounced that any interference by European powers in the aflfairs 
of the South American Republics, for oppressing them or con- 
trolling their destiny, would be regarded as the manifestation of 
an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. This is the 
" Monroe Doctrine." During his presidency Mississippi (1817), 
Illinois (1818), Alabama (1819), Maine (1820) and Missouri 
(1821) were admitted to the Union, making twenty -four States 
in all. Up to this time only two companies for insuring life 
were in existence in the United States. 



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BORN, 1767. DIED, 1848. 



PRESIDENT, 1825 — 1829. 



^ol7n ^uincy eAdams 

IITAS born at Braintree, Mass., July 11, 1767, and died Feb. 
23, 1848. He was the eldest son of the second President 
of the United States, and enjoyed rare educational advantages, 
studying in Paris, Leyden and Harvard College, being graduated 
at the latter in 1788. He was admitted to the bar in 1791, and 
began practice in Boston. He was Minister to the Netherlands 
1794-'97, and to Prussia 1797-1801; Senator in Congress 
1803-'08; Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-lettres at Harvard 
l806-'09; Minister to Russia 1809-'14, and to England in 
1815-'17; Secretary of State 18l7-'25; chosen President by 
the House of Representatives in 182 5 ; was a member of Con- 
gress 1831-'48, where he became noted for his advocacy of the 
right of petition. He died in the Capitol. Only two com- 
panies had up to this time been organized to write life insur- 
ance in the United States. 



BORN, 1767. DIED, 1845. 

PRESIDENT, 1829 — 1837. 



©Andrew ^^ackson 



V\/AS born in North Carolina, March 15, 1767, and died June 
8, 1845. He had meagre educational advantages. He 
served in the Revolutionary War, and was once taken prisoner. 
In 1785 he began the study of the law at Salisbury, North Caro- 
lina, and began first to practice at Nashville, Tenn., in 1788. He 
was a member of Congress from Tennessee 1 796-'97 ; Senator 
1797-'98; Justice of Supreme Court of Tennessee 1798-1804; 
commanded military forces against Creek Indians 1813-14, 
against British at Pensacola and New Orleans 1814-'! 5, and 
against Seminole Indians 1817-'18; was Governor of Florida 
1821; Senator from Tennessee \82]-2S; President 1829-'37; 
vetoed the bill re-chartering Bank of the United States, and 
proclaimed supremacy of Federal laws in answer to nullification 
ordinance of South Carolina in I832. During his presidency 
Arkansas (I836) and Michigan (1837) were admitted to the 
Union, making twenty-six States in all, and Florida was pur- 
chased from Spain for ;^5, 000,030. Up to this time only six 
companies had ever conducted a life insurance business in the 
United States. 



BORN, 1782. DIED, 1862. 



PRESIDENT, 1837 — 1841. 



Martin Van ISuren 

\A7AS born at Kinderhook, N. Y., Dec. 5, 1782, and died 
July 24, 1862. He was educated at the Kinderhook 
Academy, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in I8O3. 
He was Surrogate of Columbia County in I808; State Senator 
1812-'14; Attorney-General of New York 1815-'19; United 
States Senator from New York 1821-'28; Governor of the 
State 1828-'29; Secretary of State under President Jackson 
1829-31; Vice-President 1833 ';^ 7; President 1 83 7-'41 ; estab- 
lished the independent treasury system in 1840; was defeated 
as Democratic candidate for President in 1840, and as Free- 
Soil candidate in 1848. In 1841 nine companies had been 
organized in the United States to conduct a regular life insur- 
ance business. 



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BORN, 1773. DIED, 1841. 



PRESIDENT, 1841, 



09illic\m jienry j+c\rrison 

AITAS born at Berkeley, Va., Feb. 9, 1773, and died April 4, 
1841. He was the son of Benjamin Harrison, one of the 
signers of the Declaration of Independence. He was educated 
in Hampden Sidney College, and in 1791 joined the army led 
by Wayne against the Indians in the Northwest. He was a 
delegate to Congress from the Northwest Territory 1799-1800; 
Governor of Indiana Territory ISOl-'lj; defeated the Indians 
under Tecumseh at Tippecanoe 1811 ; was member of Congress 
from Ohio 1816-'19; Senator l825-'28 ; Minister to Colombia 
l828-'29; elected President in 1840, and died one month after 
inauguration. In 1841 the Nautilus Insurance Company 
for marine, inland navigation, transportation and fire risks was 
chartered by the Legislature of New York. This organization 
subsequently became the New-York Life Insurance Company. 



C'^/iS) 



.((01^-'^:^. 




BORN, 1790. DIED, 1862. 

PRESIDENT, 1841 1845. 



QoYin fpyler 



AITAS born at Greenway, Va., March 29, 1790, and died 
Jan. 18, 1862. He was educated at William and Mary 
College; admitted to the bar in 1809; member of Virginia 
Legislature 1811-16; member of Congress 1816-'21 ; member 
of Legislature l823-'25 ; Governor of Virginia 1825-'27; 
United States Senator 1827-'36, from which he resigned from 
unwillingness to obey the instructions of the Legislature. He 
was re-elected to the Legislature in 18^8 ; was elected Vice- 
President of the United States in 1840, and became President 
on the death of President Harrison. He vetoed a bank bill 
in 1841 and a tarilT bill in 1842. Florida— the twenty-seventh 
State to enter the Union — was admitted on the last day of his 
term of office, and the admission of Texas was agreed upon. 
At the outbreak of the Civil War Mr. Tyler was President of a 
Peace Congress, and afterward a member of the Confederate 
Congress. In 1845 the Nautilus Insurance Company (after- 
wards the New-York Life Insurance Company) commenced 
doing a life insurance business in New York State. 



Born, 1795. died, 1849. 



PRESIDENT, 1845 — 1849. 



^ames K. polk 



Tl rAS born in Mecklenburg Co., N. C, Nov. 2, 1795, and died 
June 15, 1849. He was educated at the University of 
North Carolina; was admitted to the bar in 1820; elected to 
the Legislature of Tennessee in I823 ; was a member of Con- 
gress from that State 1825-'39; Speaker of the House of 
Representatives l835-'39; Governor of Tennessee 1839-'41 ; 
President of the United States 1845 -'49. During his adminis- 
tration the annexation of Texas was consummated ; the war 
with Mexico occurred, resulting in the cession of California, 
Nevada, Utah, Arizona and New Mexico; England gave up, 
under the treaty of 1846, all claim to Oregon, Washington 
and Idaho; and Iowa and Wisconsin were admitted to the 
Union, making thirty States in all. The New- YORK Life had 
agencies in one State in 1845, in five States in 1846, in nineteen 
States in 1847, and in twenty-four States in 1848. In 1849 the 
Company had 2,834 policies in force, representing $5,552,000 
of insurance, and assets amounting to $211,802.52. 



BORN, 1784. DIED, 1850. 

PRESIDENT, 1849—1850. 



^acl^Giry fpa^lor 



Vy^AS born in Orange County, Va., Sept. 24, 1784, and died 
July 9, 1850. In his early childhood he was taken to Ken- 
tucky, where he grew up on a plantation, with very meagre 
educational advantages. He was appointed a Lieutenant in the 
U. S. Army in 1808; served in the war of 1812, the Black 
Hawk war of I832, and the Seminole war of I837; was 
made Brigadier-General in I837 and Commander-in-Chief in 
Florida in I838; commanded in Texas in 1845; invaded 
Mexico in 1846 and gained the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca 
de la Palma, Monterey and Buena Vista ; made Major-General 
June 29, 1846; elected President 1848, and died sixteen months 
after his inauguration. In 1849 the New-York Life Insur- 
ance Company established agencies in two additional States. 
In 1850 the Company was doing business in twenty-six States, 
had 3,671 policies in force, representing $7,816,000 of insur- 
ance, and assets amounting to $354,755.24. 




'y.z^L^/i^^^^y/ y^:^!^-- 



BORN, 1800, DIED, 1874. 

PRESIDENT, 1850 — 1853. 



Millard pillmore 



\17AS born at Summer Hill, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1800, died March 
8, 1874. He was educated at the village school ; learned 
the trade of a wool-carder ; studied law, and was admitted to 
the bar in 1823; was a member of the Legislature 1829-'31 ; 
member of Congress l833-'35 and 1837-43; Comptroller of 
the State i847-'49; elected Vice-President in 1848 and suc- 
ceeded to the Presidency in 1850, on the death of President 
Taylor. He signed the Clay Compromise Bill of 1850, and 
California was admitted to the Union during his term of office, 
making thirty-one States in all. He was a candidate for 
President on the "American" ticket in 1856. In 1853 the 
New-York Life Insurance Company was doing business in 
twenty-six States, and had 3,838 policies in force, representing 
^10,510,000 of insurance, and assets amounting to $795,910.21. 
The first valuation of its policies, according to modern methods, 
was made in 1852, and the surplus was found to be ;^25,313.90. 



BORN, 1804. DIED, 1869. 



PRESIDENT, 1853 — 1857. 



Pranklin pierce 

TXTAS born at Hillsborough, N. H., Nov. 23, 1804, and died 
Oct. 8, 1869. He was educated at Bowdoin College; 
studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1827; practiced law 
in his native town ; was elected a member of Congress in I833, 
and to the United States Senate in 1837. He resigned in 1842 
to take up again his legal profession at Concord, N. H. At the 
beginning of the Mexican War he entered the army as a private, 
and in 1847 was made Brigadier- General. He was elected 
President of the United States in 1852. During his term of 
office the Missouri Compromise was repealed, and the " Gadsden 
Purchase " made, by which Mexico ceded to the United States 
parts of the present Territories of Arizona and New Mexico, for 
the sum of ^10,000,000. In 1857 the New-York Life was 
doing business in twenty-six States, and had 4,259 policies 
in force, representing $12,778,938 of insurance, and assets 
amounting to ;^1, 361,524. 88. 




'^^^2/M.^SU^t^^u 



BORN, 1791. ' DIED, 1868. 



PRESIDENT, 1857 — 1861. 



Raines Bacl^anan 

'llTAS born at Stony Batter, Franklin Co., Pa., April 22, 1791, 
and died June 1, 1868. He was educated at Dickinson 
College, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. Two years later 
he entered the Pennsylvania Legislature ; he was a member of 
Congress 1821-31 ; Minister to Russia 1 83 1-'33 ; United States 
Senator 1833-'45; Secretary of State under President Polk 
1845-'49; Minister to England 1853-56; President of the 
United States 1857-'6l. During his administration Minnesota 
(1858) and Oregon (1859) were admitted to the Union, making 
thirty-three States in all. The New-York Life established an 
agency in Tennessee in 1858, and one in San Francisco in 1859. 
In 1860 it originated and introduced non-forfeiting policies. 
In 1861 the Company was doing business in twenty-eight 
States, and had 5,125 policies in force, representing ^16,411,259 
of insurance, and assets amounting to $2,004,570.14. 



BORN, 1809. DIED, 1865. 

PRESIDENT, 1861—1865. 



eAbraljam bincoln 



Tl^AS born in Hardin Co., Ky., Feb. 12, 1809, and died April 
15, 1865. His family removed to Illinois in 1816, and 
after following the occupations of farm laborer, salesman, mer- 
chant, soldier and surveyor, he studied law and was admitted to 
the bar in I836. He was a Captain in the Black Hawk war in 
1832; member of the Legislature 1834-42; member of Con- 
gress 1847-'49; held joint discussions with Stephen A. Douglas 
as candidate for United States Senator in 1848; elected Presi- 
dent in 1860 and re-elected in 1864; assassinated April 14, 
1865. His election brought on the Civil War of 1861 -'65. 
On Sept. 22, 1862, he issued a Proclamation declaring that the 
United States would uphold the freedom of the slaves in all 
States or parts of States that should be in rebellion on Jan. 1, 
1863. The constitutional amendment abolishing slavery was 
adopted by Congress in December, 1865, and afterward ratified 
by the States. During his administration Kansas (1861), West 
Virginia (I863) and Nevada (1864) were admitted to the Union, 
making thirty-six States in all. The New-York Life entered 
Iowa in 1861, Maine and New Hampshire in 1862, Delaware 
and Minnesota in I863, and Kansas in 1864. In 1865 the 
Company was represented in thirty-three States and Territories, 
and had 16,077 policies in force, representing M5, 485, 726 of 
insurance, and assets amounting to M,3 79,007.43- 




Ci^y 



BORN, 1808. DIED, 1875. 

PRESIDENT, 1865—1869. 



eAndi^GW ^oljnsor^ 



WfAS born at Raleigh, N. C, Dec. 29, 1808, died July 31, 
1875. He served ten years as an apprentice to a tailor, 
during which time he learned to read and write. He was made 
Alderman of the village of Greenville, and in I830 was elected 
Mayor, serving a term of three years. He was in the Legisla- 
ture from 1835 to I837, and again from I839 to 1841. He 
was elected State Senator of Tennessee, and in 1843 was sent 
to the United States Congress, where he remained for ten 
years. He was Governor of Tennessee 185 3-' 5 7, and Military 
Governor 1862-'64; United States Senator l857-'62; Vice- 
President 1865, and at Lincoln's death succeeded to the presi- 
dency. He was impeached by the House of Representatives in 
March, 1868, but was acquitted. During his term of office as 
President, Nebraska (1867) was admitted to the Union, making 
thirty-seven States in all, and the United States acquired Alaska 
by purchase from Russia for $7,000,000. During this period 
the New-York Life re-established its business in the South, 
and opened agencies in West Virginia and Nebraska in 1865, 
in Colorado in 1866, North Carolina, South Dakota and 
Wyoming, Quebec, Prince Edward Island, and Ontario in 
1868. It also purchased the ground at 346 & 348 Broadway 
and began the erection of a Home Office building. In 1869 
the Company was doing business in forty -two States and 
countries, and had 33,145 policies in force, representing $102,- 
132,513 of insurance, and assets amounting to $11,798,857.73. 







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BORN, 1822. DIED, 1885. 

PRESIDENT, 1869—1877. 



OlyssGS §. (arat\f 



AITAS born at Point Pleasant, O., April 27, 1822, and died July 
23, 1885- He was educated at West Point, graduating 
in 1843; served through the Mexican War 1846-'48; resigned 
in 1854 and settled in St. Louis; removed to Galena, 111., in 
1860 ; appointed Colonel of 21st Illinois Infantry June 1 7, 1861 ; 
was made Brigadier-General August 7; Major-General after 
capture of Fort Donaldson in February, 1862; Major-General 
U. S. A. after capture of Vicksburg July 4, I863 ; Lieutenant- 
General in March, 1864; General July 26, 1866; elected Pres- 
ident 1868 and re-elected 1872; General on retired list March 
4, 1885. During his administration the Alabama claims were 
settled by the Treaty of Washington, a bill for the intlation of 
the currency was vetoed, and Colorado (1876) was admitted to 
the Union, making thirty-eight States in all. The New-YORK 
Life established agencies in Montana, Utah, Nevada and New 
Brunswick in 1869; in Idaho, Oregon, British Columbia, Eng- 
land and France in 1870; in Germany and Nova Scotia in 
1871 ; in Scotland and the West Indies in 1873 ; i" North Da- 
kota and New Mexico in 1874; in Mexico, British Guiana, 
Manitoba, Belgium and Venezuela in 1876. In 1877 the New- 
York Life was doing business in sixty -two States and countries, 
and had 45,605 policies in force, representing ^127,901,887 of 
insurance, and assets amounting to ;^33,5 73,53 7.31- 



BORN, 1822. DIED, 1893. 

PRESIDENT, 1877 — 1881. 



I^utl7Grford IS. fta\;es 

VX/AS born at Delaware, O., Oct. 4, 1822; died Jan. 17, 1893- 
He was educated at Kenyon College and the School of 
Law at Harvard. In the year 1845 he began to practice in 
Lower Sandusky, Ohio, and was City Solicitor of Cincinnati 
from the year 1859 to 1861. At the breaking out of the Civil 
War he was appointed Major 23d Ohio Infantry, and was 
shortly afterward promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel. in 
the campaign of West Virginia he took a prominent part, and 
was severely wounded at the battle of South Mountain. He 
was made Brigadier- General and Brevet Major-General in 
1864; was member of Congress 1865-'67; Governor of Ohio 
1868-72, and again in 1876. In that year he was the Repub- 
lican candidate for the presidency, and certain electoral votes 
being claimed by both parties, a Commission, appointed by 
Congress, gave the disputed votes to Hayes. In 1879 the 
New- York Life adopted plans for the enlargement of its 
Home Oflire building. It began business in Russia and Ireland 
in 1877; in Switzerland and Italy in 1878; in Austria, Hawaii 
and Washington in 1879; in Arizona, Algeria and Norway in 
1880; and in British India in 1881. In the year 1881 the 
Company was doing business in seventy-two States and coun- 
tries, and had 53,927 policies in force, representing $151,- 
760,824 of insurance. Its assets amounted to $44,159,5 58.09. 



BORN, 1831. DIED, 1881. 



PRESIDENT, 1881. 



^arriGS oA. QarfiGld 



\1/AS born at Orange, O., Nov. 19, I831, and died Sept. 19, 
1881. His early life was spent upon a farm. He was 
graduated at Williams College in 1856; was instructor in and 
President of Hiram College 1856 '61 ; member of Ohio Senate 
1859-61; Lieutenant-Colonel 42d Ohio Infantry 1861; com- 
manded Union forces and gained a victory at battle of Middle 
Creek, January, 1862; Brigadier-General and Major-General 
and Chief of Staff to Gen. Rosecrans I863 ; member of Congress 
1863-80; member of Electoral Commission 1877; elected 
Senator and President 1880; assassinated July 2,1881. In the 
year 1881 the Company paid to its policy-holders ^5,091,820.23, 
including ;^25,000 paid on the life of President Garfield. 



BORN, 1830. DIED, 1886. 



PRESIDENT, 1881 —1885. 



(;l7GstGr qA. eArfl7ur 



WAS born at Fairfield, Vt., Oct. 5, I830, and died Nov. 18, 
1886. He was graduated at Union College in 1848; 
studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1851 ; was appoint- 
ed Inspector-General of the New York State National Guard 
in 1861, and subsequently Quartermaster-General of the State 
troops; was Collector for the port of New York 1871-78; 
elected Vice-President of the United States 1880, and on the 
death of President Garfield he succeeded to the presidential 
office. The New-York Life began business in Indian Terri- 
tory, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, U. S. of Colombia, Ecuador, 
Peru, Portugal, Greece, Turkey, Spain and Brazil in 1882; 
Costa Rica, Chili, Argentina, Uruguay, New South Wales and 
Cape Colony in I883 ; Newfoundland, Victoria, China, Queens- 
land and the Philippine Islands in 1884. In 1885 the Company 
was doing business in ninety-six States and countries, and had 
86,418 policies in force, representing $259,674,500 of insur- 
ance, and its assets amounted to $61,623,472.67. 



BORN, 1837. 



PRESIDENT, 1885 — 1889. 1893 — 1897. 



(aro\;Gt' (^leOGland 



XA/AS born at Caldwell, N. J., March 18, I837. When quite 
^^ young his parents removed to Fayetteville, N. Y. He 
studied at the Clinton Academy, read law in Buffalo, was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 18S9; practiced law in Buffalo, and in 
1863 was appointed Assistant-District- Attorney for Erie County. 
He was Sheriff of the county 1871-74, and in 1882 was 
elected Mayor of Buffalo. In the same year he was elected 
Governor of New York, and two years later was elected 
President of the United States, being the first Democratic Pres- 
ident after the Civil War. He was nominated again in 1888, 
but was defeated by Benjamin Harrison. He was elected Presi- 
dent a second time in 1892, and at the conclusion of his term 
of office he became associated with a law firm in New York. 
Utah was admitted to the Union during his second term (I896;, 
making, with the six admitted 1889-1893, forty-f]ve in all. 
The New-York Life began business in Sumatra, Straits Set- 
tlements, New Zealand, Northwest Territory, Bolivia and Dutch 
Guiana in 1885; in South Australia, Java, West Australia, Fiji, 
Hungary and French Guiana in 1886; in Celebes and Japan 
in 1887; in Bulgaria, Servia and Siam in 1888; in Tripoli 
in 1893; in Parajruay and Alaska in 1894; and in Borneo 
in 1895. In 1889 the Company was doing business in II3 
States and countries and had 150,381 policies in force, repre- 
senting 5495,601,970 of insurance, and its assets amounted 
to $97,846,079.43. 




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^ 



-^ ^^ 



BORN, 1833. 

PRESIDENT, 1889 — 1893. 



lSenJG\min |^*c\rrison 



VyAS born at North Bend, O., Aug-. 20, I833. He was a 
great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison, one of the signers 
of the Declaration of hidependence, and grandson of the ninth 
President of the United States. He graduated from Miami 
University in 1852; studied law in Cincinnati, and in 1854 
removed to Indianapolis, Ind., where he began a legal practice 
which subsequently became very extensive. He joined the 
Union Army in 1862 and served until the close of the war, 
retiring with the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General. He was de- 
feated as Republican candidate for Governor of Indiana in the 
year 1876. Five years later he was elected to the United States 
Senate, where he served for six years. He was elected President 
on the Republican ticket in 1888. During his term of office as 
President six new States were admitted to the Union— North, 
and South, Dakota, Montana and Washington in 1889, and 
Idaho and Wyoming in 1890, making forty-four in all (1890). 
The New-York Life began business in Egypt in 1889; in 
New Caledonia in 1890; in Tunis and Oklahoma in I89I; and 
in Roumania in 1892. In 1893 the Company was represented 
in one hundred and twenty-two States and countries, and had 
253,876 policies in force, representing ;^779,1 56,678.00 of insur- 
ance, and its assets amounted to $138,571,211.59. 





^V-r-7-7-^^^^>^ 



BORN, 1844. 

PRESIDENT, 1897- 



09illiam McKinley 



AirAS born at Niles, O., Jan. 29, 1844. He served in an 
Ohio regiment during the Civil War and attained the 
rank of Major; was attorney of Stark County, O., 1869-71; 
member of Congress 1877-'91 ; Chairman of Committee of 
Ways and Means 1889 '91, and author of McKinley Tariff Law 
of 1890; Governor of Ohio 1891 -'94; elected President in 
1896. During his term of office as President the Spanish War 
of 1898 occurred, by which Cuba was freed from the dominion 
of Spain, and Porto Rico, the Philippine Islands and Guam 
were added to the United States. For the latter the United 
States paid $20,000,000. Mr. McKinley was re-nominated for 
President by the Republican National Convention in June, 19OO. 
Since 1896 the New- YORK Life began business in the Friendly 
Islands, and was re-admitted to Switzerland, Austria and 
Prussia, conforming its expenses, its securities and its reports 
to the rigid requirements of these countries. The Company 
now does business in 12} States and countries, under the super- 
vision of eighty-two governments, and there is no life insurance 
law in the world that it does not comply with. On January 1, 
1900, it had 437,776 policies in force, representing $1,061,871,- 
985 insurance — the largest number of policies and the largest 
amount of insurance of any regular life insurance company 
in the world. Its assets at the same date were $236,450,348. 



_^oIki. 



^c Presidential Sueeessiorj 



T^HE Presidential succession is fixed by Chapter 4 of the Acts 
of the Forty-ninth Congress, first session. In case of the 
removal, death, resignation, or inability of both the President 
and Vice-President, then the Secretary of State shall act as 
President until the disability of the President or Vice-President 
is removed or a President is elected. If there be no Secretary 
of State, then the Secretary of the Treasury will act ; and the 
remainder of the order of succession is as follows: The Secre- 
tary of War, Attorney-General, Postmaster-General, Secretary 
of the Navy, and Secretary of the Interior. The acting Presi- 
dent must, upon taking office, convene Congress, if not at the 
time in session, in extraordinary session, giving twenty days' 
notice. This Act applies only to such cabinet officers as shall 
have been appointed by the advice and consent of the Senate, 
and are eligible under the Constitution to the presidency. 



K7 



0r|e yuqared aears 

iq ]|c ^l^ite [sjou 

By RENE BACHE. 

\_Repr'mted from " The Ladies Home Jo/inial," by permission. '\ 



se. 



WHEN Abigail Adams, the first mistress of the White House, jour- 
neyed from Philadelphia to Washington, in the autumn of 1800, 
she found the trip discouraging. The roads were abominable, and the 
greater part of a week was required to cover the distance, the lady's 
carriage bumping over ruts and the horses floundering through mud- 
holes until her patience was well-nigh exhausted. Her first impression 
of the National capital, on reaching it, was decidedly unfavorable, as 
may be judged from a letter of about that date, in which she refers to 
it as "only a city in name ; here and there a small cot without a glass 
window interspersed among the forests." 

With the President's dwelling, however, then newly built, she was 
much pleased, and in writing to her daughter, she said : " The house is 
upon a grand and superb scale, requiring about thirty servants to at- 
tend and keep the apartments in proper order ; an establishment very 
well proportioned to the President's salary." She adds no comment 
upon the fact that the lower floor was wholly unfinished, so that she 
was obliged to use for reception purposes the large oval room on the 



second floor, over the Blue Parlor, which is now the library. Indeed, 
the first floor was not completed for many years, and in the great East 
Room Mistress Abigail used to hang the clothes to dry. She spent 
only a few months in Washington. 

J' 

THE White House having first become the residence of the Chief 
Ex^utive in November, 1800, the present year marks the lapse 
of its first century of occupancy as such. Though the seat of gov- 
ernment was not transferred to Washington until the above date, the 
movement was decided upon ten years earlier, and as far back as 1792 
a prize of five hundred dollars was ofi'ered for the best plan for a 
Presidential mansion. It was awarded James Hoban, a young Irish 
architect, who had established himself in Charleston, South Carolina, 
and who was building the large, substantial and picturesque houses 
which still remain characteristic features of that city. 

Hoban's plan was not original, as he took for his model the finest 
dwelling he had seen up to that time, which happened to be the palace 
of the Duke of Leinster, at Dublin. His first plan was for a three- 
story structure, but this aroused a public outcry on the ground of its 
extravagance, and the design chosen was reduced to two stories and 
a basement, with a frontage of one hundred and seventy feet. The 
funds were supplied by the States of Virginia and Maryland, the for- 
mer contributing $120,000 and the latter $72,000. On October 18, 
1792, the corner-stone was laid in a bare field sloping to the Potomac, 
Washington himself being present on the occasion. So great was 
Washington's interest in the enterprise that he used his influence to 
persuade Congress to finish it, and by 1799 the edifice was ready for par- 
tial occupancy. In 1800 Congress appropriated $15,000 to furnish it. 
Up to 1828 the East Room was used by the wives of the Presi- 
dents as a laundry and nursery, for both of which purposes it was 
amply spacious, being eighty feet long by forty feet in width. During 
President Cleveland's first administration he received a visit from a 
vivacious old lady of seventy, a niece of John Quincy Adams, who was 
eager to take a look at the mansion in which she had spent her child- 



hood. After some cordial hand-shaking she asked to be conducted to 
the East Room, and there, looking around her in bewilderment, she 
exclaimed : "Laws-a-massy ! Is this really the same old room ? Why, 
a meal barrel used to stand in yonder spot, and over there the 
wash-tubs! From there to there" — pointing with her parasol — "a 
clothes-line was stretched, and in this corner of the room we kept our 
playthings." 



AS THE FIRST MISTRESS SAW IT 

n^HE White House, when Abigail Adams first saw it, had neither 
^ yard nor fence. Up to 1818 the grounds surrounding it remained 
an unsightly waste, without grass or shrubbery. Until quite recent 
years, indeed, the land about the President's dwelling was a sort of 
farm, cultivated patches extending over the greater part of the area 
now occupied by the buildings of the Treasury, the War and the 
Navy Departments. Where the Treasury now stands was a vegetable 
garden, and the site of the present gigantic structure on the west 
was a fruit orchard. 

In those days the lot back of the Executive Mansion, where the 
children roll eggs on Easter Monday, was utilized as a cow-pasture, 
four or five cows being attached usually to the White House farm. 
Beneath the front portico was a dairy, to which water was brought 
by an inch pipe from a spring in Franklin Square, several blocks 
away, there being no Potomac water on tap at that time. This dairy, 
as may well be imagined, was a great source of pleasure to the wives 
of some of the earlier Presidents. When Andrew Johnson was Chief 
Magistrate the duties of mistress of the mansion were performed by 
his daughter, Martha Patterson, wife of Senator Patterson, of Ten- 
nessee, who rose every morning soon after daybreak and, with her 
own fair hands, skimmed the new milk. 

Those were times of delightful simplicity in domestic affairs. 
William Henry Harrison actually did his own marketing, whereas 
nowadays the provisions for the White House are all purchased by a 



steward, whom the Government pays. No longer does the President's 
wife get fresh vegetables from her own garden and fresh milk from 
her own cows. 

It was on a fateful day in the year 1814 that Dolly Madison was 
obliged to play the part of Miss Muffet to the British spider, the 
latter being represented by a regiment of red-coated soldiers. The 
enemy, under General Ross and Admiral Cockburn, had taken posses- 
sion of Washington and burned the Capitol, and, before departing, 
they thought it would be a good idea to destroy the White House 
also. The flames started by the British in the White House were 
extinguished by rain, but next day were rekindled, and the mansion 
suffered great damage. After the enemy's departure the Madisons 
took up their residence in the famous Octagon House, so called from 
its peculiar shape, on the north-east corner of Eighteenth Street and 
New York Avenue. It was called the "Annex Executive Mansion" 
during its occupancy by President Madison, which lasted until the 
close of his administration, March 4, 1817. President Monroe lived 
in it through the first year of his term, and then moved into the 
White House, which meantime had been reconstructed and repaired 
under the direction of its original architect, James Hoban. The 
treaty of peace with Great Britain was signed in the Octagon House. 

HOW THE WHITE HOUSE GOT ITS NAME 

THE blackened sandstone walls of the President's dwelling were 
coated with white paint, covering up all traces of the mischief 
that had been done, and it was from this that the name "White 
House" was derived. It is not true that the term came, as has been 
frequently alleged, from the residence of Martha Custis, Washington's 
wife, which was similarly designated. Furthermore, it is worth say- 
ing here that, officially speaking, there is no such building as the 
White House, the edifice being always referred to in State documents 
as the Executive Mansion, or the President's house. At first it was 
known as the President's palace, but this gave offense and was dropped. 



The steady growth of the nation has made necessary a great 
expansion of the Capitol at Washington, but nothing has been done 
to increase the size of the White House, which remains to-day as it 
was when first occupied by John Adams and his wife Abigail, at the 
beginning of the century. It is entirely adequate as a residence for 
the Chief Executive, but unfortunately nearly one-half of it is given 
up to official purposes, and the result is that the President finds his 
living quarters abominably cramped. Of a certainty there is no other 
country in the world where the ruler-in-chief would be penned with 
his family in a corner of an office building, with a corps of newspaper 
correspondents in the entry-way, and a horde of people continually 
wandering all over the place. 

Mrs. Cleveland, when a young bride, complained that the accommo- 
dations of the Executive Mansion were so restricted as to render it 
out of the question for her to entertain more than two guests at a 
time, and the late Mrs. Benjamin Harrison, at her husband's inaugura- 
tion, remarked that she was suffering a come-down in the world, in- 
asmuch as she was moving out of a house with twelve bedrooms into 
one with five. But the most memorable and mortifying exposure of 
the inadequacy of the President's home was made in 1860, during the 
visit of the Prince of Whales to this country. President Buchanan 
felt -obliged to invite him to the White House for five days, and al- 
though the President's own family was one of the smallest that ever 
occupied the official residence, consisting only of himself and his niece, 
Harriet Lane, he was compelled to stow the Heir Apparent in the 
room over the Red Parlor, while giving up his own apartment to the 
Duke of Newcastle, who accompanied the Prince, and extemporizing 
a " shake-down " bed for himself in one of the public ante-rooms. 



INTERIOR OF THE PRESIDENT'S HOUSE 

/^^N the ground floor of the Executive Mansion are four beautiful par- 
^^ lors — the East Room, Blue Room, Green Room and Red Room — 
but only the last of these is used for family purposes. True, there 



is nothing in the Constitution or in the statutes to prevent Mrs. 
McKinley from doing her sewing in the East Room, if she happen to 
be so disposed; and, if it suited his fancy. President McKinley might 
lounge and smoke in the Blue Room. But the unwritten law of cus- 
tom forbids such use of the official drawing-rooms, though President 
McKinley and his wife frequently receive company in a private way 
in the Green Room, or even in the Blue Room on occasions. The Blue 
Room is the handsomest of the suite of parlors. Corresponding in 
shape and size to the library just above, it is oval, its walls covered 
with blue silk, the ceiling done in blue and gold, and the carpet and 
furniture carrying out the same scheme of decoration. 

The whole east end of the building on the second floor is given up 
to public purposes — the offices of the President, his secretaries and 
the executive clerks, the Cabinet Room and the Telegraph Room. For 
convenience, the room last named adjoins President McKinley's own 
office, and the electric apparatus which it contains places him in com- 
munication by telegraph with all parts of the world, and by telephone 
with all points reached by the long-distance system. A special kind 
of telephone, which has no " central," enables him to converse pri- 
vately with the heads of the Departments. The Cabinet Room is 
about one-third as big as it should be, and the library next to it con- 
tains an inferior collection of books, consisting mainly of out-of-date 
editions of historical and classical works. A glass door across the 
main corridor which runs lengthwise through the White House shuts 
off the offices described from the sleeping quarters of the family. 

AN ARMY OFFICER THE HOUSEKEEPER 

'T'HE White House is under the charge of an engineer officer of the 
^ Army, who sees that it is run properly, handles the money which 
Congress provides for the maintenance of the establishment, and acts 
as Master of Ceremonies at receptions, introducing all comers to the 
President. At present this important office is held by Colonel Theodore 
A. Bingham. The amount furnished for the maintenance of the White 



House averages about $20,000 per annum. Congress also gives at 
intervals considerable sums for refurnishing and repairs. 

Each winter three State dinners are given at the White House — 
the first to the Cabinet, the second to the Diplomatic Corps and the 
third to the Judiciary. These banquets are exceedingly solemn affairs, 
and, if it must be confessed, somewhat dull. There is no speech- 
making, and general conversation is out of the question. 

During the present administration the dinners of ceremony at the 
White House have been given customarily in the great corridor which 
runs through the middle of the building, simply because the State 
dining-room is not large enough. In the latter apartment it is hardly 
possible to seat more than fifty guests, and usually it is desirable to 
entertain as many as eighty on such occasions. This, in fact, is one 
of the arguments in favor of enlarging the Executive Mansion — a 
step which is now being advocated. President McKinley is a very 
hospitable man, and, in addition to the regulation banquets of State, 
he has given an unusual number of extra entertainments of the kind. 



THE PRESIDENT'S ENTERTAINMENTS ARE COSTLY 

I^RFi dinners given by the President are a serious draft on his purse, 
inasmuch as, though distinctly official in character, they have to 
be paid for out of his private funds. So far as possible, the Propa- 
gating Gardens of Washington, which always furnish the plants for 
decorating the East Room, are drawn upon for roses and other flowers, 
but the supply of flowers thus obtainable is nearly always insuificient, 
even when supplemented by the output of the White House conserva- 
tories. Commonly it is necessary to buy two hundred dollars' worth 
or so of blossoms to help out. It is probable that the total cost of 
one of these banquets does not fall far short of one thousand dollars. 
During the progress of the dinner the Marine Band, which is 
really the President's own musical organization, being always at his 
disposal free of charge when he wants it, discourses sweet strains in 



the adjoining conservatory. Into this conservatory open the windows 
of the State dining-room, where the men smoke after the conclusion of 
the repast. Under previous administrations the President's wife 
generally has sat directly opposite him at these formal banquets, but 
President McKinley always places Mrs. McKinley next to himself, on 
his right. 

President Madison revived much of the formal ceremony which 
Thomas Jefferson had discarded, and under his administration great 
attention was given to the State banquets, no expense being spared 
in making them as fine as possible. President Jackson disliked cere- 
mony even more than did President Jefferson, and, preferring a steel 
fork himself, he always provided each guest with one silver fork and 
one of steel. After dinner he smoked a long-stemmed corncob pipe. 
He wished to throw the doors of the White House wide open to the 
public, but this idea he was forced to relinquish after the experience 
of one occasion on which he extended an ill-judged hospitality to all 
comers. The carpet in the East Room was ruined by punch which the 
mob spilt in its eagerness to get at the buckets containing the bev- 
erage ; the gowns of many ladies were spoiled and the furniture was 
broken. At his farewell reception President Jackson introduced a 
curious novelty in the shape of a gigantic cheese, which was cut into 
pieces and distributed among the guests. 



DICKENS AND IRVING PRESENT AT 
ONE RECEPTION 

IN President Van Buren's administration the custom of serving eat- 
ables at public receptions came to an end. It had been so abused 
that, just prior to the election of 1840, hungry crowds besieged the 
East Room, clamoring to be fed and threatening to vote against Mr. 
Van Buren if they were not supplied with food. Since that time the 
only Chief Executive who has provided "refreshments" on such occa- 
sions was President Hayes. Although President Hayes offered no wine 



to his guests, he spent a large part of his salary in entertaining. A 
single entertainment cost him six thousand dollars. President Arthur 
had the reputation of giving the most costly dinners of any President. 
The White House has been the scene of so many great festivities, 
and so frequently crowded to its utmost capacity with assemblages of 
notable people, that it is hardly possible to pick out any special func- 
tion as the greatest social occasion in its history. One of the largest 
throngs ever gathered there was at President Tyler's last reception, 
March 15, 1842. Charles Dickens, then visiting this country, and 
Washington Irving, who happened to be at the capital for the purpose 
of receiving his credentials as Envoy to Spain, were both present. 



DAYS OF SORROW IN THE EXECUTIVE MANSION 

nPHE first death in the White House was that of President William 
■^ Henry Harrison, just one month after his inauguration. Funeral 
services were held in the East Room. In September, 1842, the wife 
of President Tyler died there. The third death was that of President 
Zachary Taylor, July 9, 1850, and the fourth was that of Willie Lin- 
coln, who passed away in February, 1862. Frederick F. Dent, father 
of Mrs. U. S. Grant, died in the Executive Mansion in December, 1873. 
On the first day of January, 1883, at the New Years reception in the 
White House, the Minister from Hawaii, who at that time was Dean 
of the Diplomatic Corps, died of heart disease while making his way 
toward President Arthur. 

President Garfield, it will be remembered, though much of his last 
illness was endured at the Executive Mansion, did not die there, but 
passed the closing hours of his life at Elberon, New Jersey. 

Colonel Ellsworth, the hero of early war days, lay in State in the 
Blue Room on the morning of May 25, 1861, and services were held 
there in the presence of one of the most distinguished gatherings ever 
assembled in the apartment. A more notable funeral in the same his- 



toric parlor was that of the victims of the explosion of the big gun on 
board the Princeton, near Alexandria, Virginia, February 28, 1844. 
These included Secretary Upshur and the Hon. David Gardiner, of New 
York. President Tyler himself only escaped through the circumstance 
that, being then much attached to Mr. Gardiner's daughter, he had 
stopped to listen to her singing in the cabin. He married the young 
lady on June 26 of the same year. The ceremony was performed in 
New York. 

During President Benjamin Harrison's administration the house of 
Mr. Tracy, his Secretary of the Navy, was burned, and Mrs. Tracy and 
Mi3s Tracy lost their lives. The funeral services were held in the 
East Room of the White House, an apartment which later was the 
scene of the last ceremonies for Mrs. Benjamin Harrison. 



BUT ONE PRESIDENT MARRIED THERE 

''PHE most notable wedding celebrated at the White House was that 
J- of Nellie Grant, who was married May 21, 1874, to a young 
Englishman, Algernon Charles Frederic Sartoris. She had met him 
on a steamer coming back from England, and it was understood that 
President Grant did not approve of the match at first, partly because 
his daughter was only nineteen years old. The ceremony was per- 
formed at 11 A. M. in the East Room. 

A breakfast was served in the State dining-room. Fewer than 
two hundred guests were invited, the list comprising chiefly members 
of the family, distinguished civil officials, officers of high rank in the 
Army and Navy, and a dozen or so of the diplomats. The value of 
the wedding gifts was estimated at sixty thousand dollars. 

The only White House wedding in which the Chief Executive has 
taken the bridegroom's part was celebrated June 2, 1886, when Presi- 
dent Grover Cleveland married Frances Folsom, the daughter of his 
former law partner. Only a few relatives and notable personages 



were asked. There was a singular absence of pomp and display, 
though a presidential salute was fired at the Washington Arsenal. 
The State apartments were adorned with flowers and tropical plants. 
The marriage ceremony was performed in the Blue Room. 

The first wedding at the White House was that of Miss Maria 
Monroe, the President's daughter, in 1820. She married Samuel L. 
Gouverneur. During the Hayes regime Miss Lucy Piatt, a niece of 
Mrs. Hayes, was married at the Executive Mansion to General Russell 
Hastings, a veteran of the Civil War. General Hastings is an intimate 
friend of President McKinley, and during the present administration 
has been a guest at the White House. 



^ 



THE BIRTHPLACE OF TEN CHILDREN 

'THE only child born in the White House to a President of the United 
^ States during his term of office is Esther Cleveland, who was born 
September 9, 1893. 

Nine other children have been born in the White House : Julia 
Dent Grant, born in the closing days of her grandfather's second 
term ; two grandchildren of President Tyler ; four children of Col. 
Andrew Jackson Donelson, born during the Jackson administration ; 
Mary Louise Adams, granddaughter of John Quincy Adams, born in 
1829 ; James Madison Randolph, born during the second term of his 
maternal grandfather. 

It is related that when the corner-stone of the Treasury building 
was laid, Andrew Jackson was asked to supply some special memento, 
and he complied by clipping a lock from the head of baby Mary Don- 
elson. When little Mary was christened, both Houses of Congress 
were invited and the ceremony took place in the East Room, the 
President holding her in his arms ; Van Buren stood godfather, while 
CvTa Livingston, daughter of the Secretary of State and the belle and 
beauty of the administration, officiated as godmother. A few years 



ago this same child came, a widowed and saddened woman, to Wash- 
ington, and was glad to accept a clerkship in the great Department 
whose corner-stone holds her sunny baby curl. 

The salary of the President is, as every one knows, fifty thousand 
dollars a year. The Government provides him with nearly everything 
he requires, barring food, clothing and equipages. It supplies him 
with a furnished house, a butler and a housekeeper ; a stable and one 
groom; conservatories filled with flowers, and gardeners to take care 
of them. Lights, fuel, repairs and a thousand and one incidentals 
which eat up an ordinary man's income are paid for by Uncle Sam. 
The President's footman is on the Government pay-roll as a skilled 
laborer, and the services of skilled stenographers cost him nothing. 
His carriages and horses he purchases himself at the beginning of his 
administration. Usually the President has four horses and as many 
carriages. 



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